The true cost of coffee.

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In this Our Changing Climate environmental video essay, I look at the true cost of coffee. Specifically, I look at how shade-grown coffee and sun-grown coffee are cultivated in order to understand the environmental and social consequences of consuming coffee. Worldwide, coffee is the second most popular beverage next to the water, and the large majority of it is produced in the Global South and imported into the Global North. As a result, the environmental destruction caused by sun-grown coffees pollutes and deforests producing countries in order to satiate the thirst for caffeine in Europe and North America.

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Resources:
1. The History of Coffee (PBS): http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/guatemala.mexico/facts.html
2. Coffee Market Report November 2019 (International Coffee Organization): http://www.ico.org/documents/cy2019-20/cmr-1119-e.pdf
3. Bitter Brew: The Stirring Reality of Coffee (Food Empowerment Project): https://foodispower.org/our-food-choices/coffee/
4. Coffee and the Shock Doctrine in Puerto Rico (Food First): https://foodfirst.org/coffee-and-the-shock-doctrine-in-puerto-rico/
5. Why Shade Coffee Does Not Guarantee Biodiversity Conservation. (Tejada-Cruz et al.): https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss1/art13/
6. Coffee Export Statistics - Where's Your Coffee From? (Coffee Statistics): https://www.coffee-statistics.com/export-import-coffee/
7. Mapped: The countries that drink the most coffee (The Telegraph): https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-graphics/countries-that-drink-the-most-coffee/
8. Top Coffee Producing Countries (World Atlas): https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-coffee-producing-countries.html
9. Coffee and Commodity Fetishism (Brock et al.): https://www.academia.edu/1168605/Coffee_and_Commodity_Fetishism
10. Coffee as Ecological, Social, and Physical Unequal Exchange: A Cross-National Investigation of the Java Trade (Kelly Austin): https://www.academia.edu/7066086/Coffee_as_Ecological_Social_and_Physical_Unequal_Exchange_A_Cross-National_Investigation_of_the_Java_Trade
11. Tree Intercropping (Project Drawdown): https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/food/tree-intercropping
12. Ecological Benefits of Shade-grown Coffee (Smithsonian): https://nationalzoo.si.edu/migratory-birds/ecological-benefits-shade-grown-coffee
13. Matchmaking for coffee? Intercropping coffee plants, macadamia trees (Phys.org): https://phys.org/news/2016-11-matchmaking-coffee-intercropping-macadamia-trees.html
14. Effects of Coffee Management on Deforestation Rates and Forest Integrity (Hylander et al.): https://www.academia.edu/5367898/Effects_of_Coffee_Management_on_Deforestation_Rates_and_Forest_Integrity
15. The Global Coffee Crisis: A Threat to Sustainable Development (International Coffee Organization): http://www.ico.org/documents/globalcrisise.pdf
16. Nestlé admits slave labour risk on Brazil coffee plantations (The Guardian): https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/mar/02/nestle-admits-slave-labour-risk-on-brazil-coffee-plantations
17. Our coffee addiction is destroying the environment (Salon): https://www.salon.com/2018/10/05/our-coffee-addiction-is-destroying-the-environment_partner/
18. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (EPA): https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks